Румыния

Топ-5 мест

1. Palace of the Parliament · Bucharest

   One of the largest buildings in the world, visited on guided tours (book ahead, bring ID).

2. Bran Castle · Bran

   Hilltop castle linked to the Dracula legend, near Brașov.

3. Brașov and Sighișoara · Brașov / Sighișoara

   Saxon towns in Transylvania; Sighișoara's citadel is a UNESCO site.

4. Painted Monasteries of Bukovina · Suceava County

   UNESCO-listed churches covered in 15th-16th century exterior frescoes.

5. Danube Delta · Tulcea

   Europe's largest river delta, for birdwatching and boat trips.

Транспорт

• Общественный транспорт

  STB and Metrorex (Bucharest)

  Buses, trams, trolleybuses and 5 metro lines. Tap a contactless card or use the Activ/Multiplu cards. Express bus 100 and a train from Gara de Nord serve the airport.

• Приложение для вызова такси

  Bolt / Uber

  Both work in Bucharest and major cities (Cluj, Brașov, Iași, Timișoara) and are recommended over hailing taxis.

• Такси

  Licensed taxis (Star Taxi, Meridian, Cristaxi)

  Rates per km must be displayed on the door. Order by app or phone or from the official airport terminals; avoid drivers who approach you.

• Поезда

  CFR Călători

  State railway: Regio (slow, cheap), InterRegio and InterCity. Trains are slow but scenic; buy in the CFR app or at stations.

• Автобусы

  Intercity buses and minibuses

  Buses and maxi-taxis link most towns; quality varies. Check schedules on autogari.ro (varies).

• Аренда авто

  Car rental

  Useful for Transylvania, Bukovina and the Transfăgărășan road. Watch for horse carts, livestock and stray dogs on rural roads; a road vignette (rovinieta) is required.

Деньги и наличные

Валюта: RON · Romanian leu

Cards are increasingly accepted in cities, hotels and chain restaurants, and Bucharest buses and metro take contactless cards. Cash in lei is still needed in villages, markets, small guesthouses and for tips. Use bank ATMs, compare rates at exchange offices (avoid airport booths) and always pay in RON.

Проверить курс обмена на RON

Чаевые

Tipping is customary in Romania. Around 10% at restaurants for good service is normal, and people often round up taxi fares. Saying 'mulțumesc' (thank you) while handing over money is often understood as 'keep the change'.

Полезные фразы

• Nota, vă rog. The bill, please.
• Pot plăti cu cardul? Can I pay by card?
• Păstrați restul. Keep the change.

Этикет

• Dress modestly in Orthodox churches and monasteries: shoulders and knees covered, and women may be asked to cover their heads.
• Take your shoes off when entering a home.
• Shake hands when meeting; older people may be addressed formally (Domnul / Doamna).
• Bring flowers (an odd number) or sweets when invited to a home.
• Be aware that saying 'mulțumesc' when paying can mean 'keep the change'.
• Bargaining is normal only at markets.

Схемы обмана и что с ними делать

• Taxi overcharging

  Где: Bucharest airport, Gara de Nord, Old Town

  Как это работает: Unlicensed or rogue drivers charge many times the normal rate or have no meter.

  Как избежать: Use Bolt or Uber, order from the airport taxi terminals, and check the per-km rate on the door.

• Card skimming in bars and restaurants

  Где: Bars and restaurants, mainly Bucharest

  Как это работает: Cards are duplicated when staff take them out of sight.

  Как избежать: Never let your card leave your sight; use contactless or phone pay.

• Distraction theft by groups

  Где: Exchange offices, hotels, airport buses, railway stations, airport terminals

  Как это работает: Organised groups distract you and steal wallets, phones or bags.

  Как избежать: Keep bags closed and in front and be alert when someone bumps into you or asks for help.

• Bad exchange rates and fake changers

  Где: Airport booths, street changers, tourist areas

  Как это работает: Booths show attractive buy rates but apply poor rates or high commissions; street changers give fake or old notes.

  Как избежать: Use bank ATMs, check the final amount before handing over money, and never change money on the street.

• Drink spiking

  Где: Bars and clubs

  Как это работает: Drinks are spiked to rob victims.

  Как избежать: Do not accept drinks from strangers or leave drinks unattended.

• Fake police officers

  Где: Bucharest city centre (reported in the past, varies)

  Как это работает: Men posing as plainclothes police ask to check your wallet or passport for counterfeit money and take cash.

  Как избежать: Do not hand over your wallet; offer to go to a police station and call 112.

Безопасность

• Petty theft is the main risk, especially in Bucharest at stations, airports, exchange offices and on airport buses.
• Stray dogs can be found in rural areas and some city outskirts; keep your distance.
• Brown bears live in the Carpathians and have attacked people; follow local warnings, do not feed bears and keep food sealed when hiking.
• Drive carefully: road accident rates are high, and rural roads have carts and animals.
• Carry your passport or ID; police can ask for it.

Насколько распространён английский

Good among younger people and in tourism; limited among older people and in rural areas. French and Italian are also understood by some.

Источники

• GOV.UK Foreign travel advice: Romania, safety and security
• Wikivoyage: Bucharest
• Wikivoyage: Romania

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